Operational Research Important Questions
Operational Research Important Questions For Exam Preparations
Unit 1: Introduction to Operations Research
- Define Operations Research and explain its limitations.
- Explain the stages/general method of solving an OR model.
- Describe the various tools and techniques used in OR.
- Discuss the relationship between Manager and OR Specialist.
- Applications of Operations Research in real life.
Unit 2: Linear Programming Problem (10 Hrs)
- What is an LPP? Formulate a given word problem into an LPP model.
- Explain unbounded, infeasible, and multiple optimal solutions in LPP.
- Write an algorithm for solving an LPP using the Simplex method.
- What is duality in LPP? Explain with example.
Numerical:
- Formulation: Word problem → Constraints + Objective function.
- Graphical Method: For 2-variable LPP.
- Simplex Method: Full computation (both maximization & minimization).
- Big-M Method (Penalty): For ≥ and = type constraints.
- Duality: Convert minimization problem into maximization and solve.
Unit 3: Transportation & Assignment Problem (8 Hrs)
- What is an optimality test in transportation? How to check optimality?
- Write a short note on degeneracy in transportation problems.
- What is an Assignment problem? Explain Hungarian Method.
- Difference between transportation and assignment problems.
Numerical :
- Transportation Problems:
- Initial feasible solution: North-West Corner, Least Cost, Vogel’s Approximation Method.
- Optimal solution: MODI (u–v) method.
- Unbalanced transportation & profit maximization cases.
- Assignment Problems:
- Hungarian method (minimization & maximization).
- Balanced, unbalanced, infeasible, and crew assignment cases.
Unit 4: Queuing Theory (6 Hrs)
- What is Queuing theory? Explain the basic elements.
- Explain Kendall’s Notation with examples.
- Discuss single-channel (M/M/1) queuing model and its assumptions.
Numerical :
- Using M/M/1 model, calculate:
- Utilization factor (ρ).
- Average number in system (Ls) and queue (Lq).
- Average time in system (Ws) and queue (Wq).
- Probability that system is empty.
Unit 5: Inventory Control (6 Hrs)
- Define inventory and explain the costs (ordering, carrying, shortage).
- Explain ABC analysis with example.
Numerical Problem:
- Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).
- Total Inventory Cost Analysis (with discount comparison).
- Reorder point calculation.
Unit 6: Replacement Theory (6 Hrs)
- Define Replacement theory and explain replacement policies.
- Explain replacement of capital equipment that depreciates with time.
Numerical :
- Individual Replacement Policy: Light bulbs/street lamps problem using probability of failure.
- Group vs. Individual Replacement: Cost comparison & decision.
- Capital Equipment Replacement: Optimal year of replacement based on average annual cost.
Unit 7: Game Theory (7 Hrs)
- What is Game theory? State assumptions & importance in business.
- Explain Two-Person Zero-Sum game with example.
- Explain dominance rule in Game Theory.
Numerical :
- Pure Strategy: Identify saddle point & optimal strategies.
- Mixed Strategy:
- Using dominance rule (reduce matrix).
- Using graphical method for 2×N or M×2 games.
- Payoff matrix problem (finding value of the game & strategies).
Note:This list is for reference purposes only to help you prepare smartly and cover all critical areas of Operational Research. Always review your class notes, teacher guidelines, and syllabus coverage.
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