Computer Networking Important Questions

Computer Networking Important Questions Exams Preparations

Unit 1: Introduction

1. Why is layered architecture required in a computer network?
2. Why do we need layered protocol architecture? Explain TCP/IP reference model with functions and protocols of each layer.
3. Critically analyze the OSI reference model.
4. Compare and contrast the OSI and TCP/IP reference models, discussing the functions of each layer.
5. Compare OSI and TCP/IP reference models.
6. What are protocols and standards? Give examples.
7. What is a protocol? Explain some application layer protocols like WWW and HTTP.
8. Explain the applications of computer networks.
9. Why do we need DNS when we can directly use an IP address? Explain the process of resolving a domain name.

Unit 2: The Physical Layer

1. Explain the different types of switching technology (circuit, message, and packet switching), including their advantages and disadvantages.
2. Explain types of switching: circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching with advantages and disadvantages.
3. What is transmission impairment? Explain its causes in data communication.
4. Explain analog and digital signals with examples.
5. Explain different types of transmission media and their characteristics.
6. Describe data transmission media: guided and unguided.
7. Explain multiplexing and spreading techniques.
8. Describe telephone, mobile, and cable networks for data communication.

Unit 3: The Data Link Layer

1. What is flow control? Explain the Go-Back-N (GBN) ARQ protocol with an appropriate example and a suitable diagram.
2. How does the Go-Back-N ARQ protocol differ from the Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol?
3. Explain principles of reliable data transfer (GBN, SR).
4. What are multiple access protocols? Explain how slotted ALOHA improves over pure ALOHA.
5. How does slotted ALOHA improve performance over pure ALOHA?
6. Explain the working mechanism of HDLC and PPP frame formats.
7. What is framing? Explain bit stuffing and byte stuffing with examples.
8. Explain the channel allocation problem.
9. Explain the channelization protocols in detail.
10. Write short notes on:
    • Channelization
    • Token Ring and Token Bus
    • VLAN

Unit 4: The Network Layer

1. What is subnetting? Given an IP address, perform subnetting to divide the network into a specified number of subnets, and calculate the new subnet mask, broadcast address, network address, and the range of assignable IP addresses for each subnet.
2. Why do we need subnetting? Calculate subnets and hosts for a given network.
3. Explain the IPv4 Header format in detail.
4. Explain the IPv6 address structure in detail and differentiate it from IPv4.
5. Define IPv4 address classes with their address ranges.
6. What is an IP address? Define the classes of IPv4 and specify their address ranges.
7. Explain IP datagram fragmentation.
8. Explain the importance of routing algorithms. Explain the Distance Vector Routing algorithm with an example and compare it with Link State Routing.
9. Explain routing algorithms: Distance Vector and Link State.
10. Describe Internet Control Protocols: ARP, RARP, ICMP.
11. What is DNS and how does it work? Why do we need it when we can use an IP address directly?

Unit 5: The Transport Layer

1. Differentiate between the functions of TCP and UDP.
2. Write the services provided by TCP and explain the TCP segment header in detail.
3. What is TCP? Explain TCP services and TCP segment header.
4. Draw UDP format and explain UDP operations.
5. Define flow control and explain the Go-Back-N ARQ protocol with an appropriate example.
6. Differentiate between reliable and unreliable connections with examples.
7. What are the principles of Congestion Control? Explain the various congestion control approaches.

Unit 6: The Application Layer

1. Explain DNS and its working process.
2. Explain how to resolve a domain name like www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np.
3. Explain application layer protocols: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SMTP, POP, IMAP.
4. Explain the role of Application Layer Protocols like DHCP, FTP, and HTTP.
5. What is TELNET? Explain its working.
6. Describe traffic analyzers: MRTG, PRTG, SNMP, Wireshark.

Unit 7: Network Security

1. What is a digital signature and how does it work? Explain the working mechanism of the Digital Signature algorithm with a suitable diagram.
2. What is cryptography? Explain the principles of cryptography, including Symmetric and Public Key algorithms (e.g., RSA).
3. Explain symmetric and public key cryptography with examples.
4. Explain RSA algorithm.
5. Write short notes on:
   • IPSec
   • FDDI
   • VPN
   • Firewall
   • Wireless security

Note:

This list is for reference purposes only to help you prepare smartly and cover all critical

areas of Computer Networking. Always review your class notes, teacher guidelines, and syllabus coverage.

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